(Cap 369 sections 99(1)(o) and 107(2)) (14 July 1995) (L.N. 317 of 1995) Cap 369AU s 1 Interpretation PART I PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS In this Regulation- "existing ship" (现有船舶) means a ship the keel of which was laid or which was at a similar stage of construction before 25 May 1980; "hoist" (升降器) means a mechanical pilot hoist; "Hong Kong ship" (香港船舶) means a ship registered in Hong Kong; "river trade limits" (内河航限) means- (a) the waters within the vicinity of Hong Kong within the following boundaries- (i) to the east, meridian 114o 30' east; (ii) to the south, parallel 22o 09' north; and (iii) to the west, meridian 113o 31' east; and(b) all inland waterways in the Guangdong Province and Guangxi Autonomous Region on the mainland of China to which access can be obtained by inland waterways from the area defined in paragraph (a). (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 2 Application (1) Subject to subsection (2), this Regulation applies in relation to- (a) Hong Kong ships; and (b) other ships while they are within the waters of Hong Kong.(2) This Regulation shall not apply to- (a) a ship in respect of which there is in force- (i) a passenger certificate issued under section 14 of the Ordinance stating that the ship is fit to ply within river trade limits; and (ii) a general safety certificate issued in respect of short international voyage within river trade limits; or(b) a ship which is- (i) not a Hong Kong ship; and (ii) flying the flag of a State which is not a party to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974, by reason of its being within the waters of Hong Kong if it would not have been in such waters but for stress of weather or any other circumstances which could not have been prevented by the master, the owner or the charterer (if any). Cap 369AU s 3 (Repealed L.N. 157 of 2001) Cap 369AU s 4 Provision of embarkation and disembarkation facilities Expanded Cross Reference: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 (1) Passenger ships, cargo ships, tugs and tenders, sailing ships which proceed to sea and other ships which do not proceed to sea, when engaged on a voyage during the course of which a pilot is likely to be employed shall be provided by the owner of it with- (L.N. 157 of 2001) (i) (i) a pilot ladder having a length of not less than 1.5 metres; and (ii) where the distance from the water to the point of access to the ship is more than 9 metres- (A) an accommodation ladder sited on each side of the ship; (B) a single accommodation ladder which is capable of being transferred to either side of the ship; or (C) other equally safe and convenient means, for the purpose of providing access from the pilot ladder to, or egress from, the ship; or(ii) a hoist,to enable embarkation and disembarkation of persons on either side of the ship. (2) A pilot ladder provided pursuant to subsection (1)(i)(i) shall comply with the requirements of sections 6, 7, 8 and 11 and- (a) in the case of a pilot ladder fitted to the ship before 1 January 1994, the requirements of section 9; (b) in the case of a pilot ladder fitted to the ship on or after 1 January 1994, the requirements of section 10.(3) An accommodation ladder provided pursuant to subsection (1)(i)(ii) shall comply with the requirements of sections 12 and 13. (4) A hoist provided pursuant to subsection (1)(ii) shall comply with- (a) in the case of a hoist which is fitted to an existing ship and was manufactured before 20 November 1973, the requirements of sections 14 (except subsection (7)), 15(1) and (2), 16(1)(a) and (b) and (2), 17(2), 18(1), (2) and (3) and 19(2); (b) in the case of other hoists, the requirements of sections 14 to 21. <* Note - Exp. X-Ref.: Sections 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 *>(5) The owner of a ship shall- (a) make available on each side of the ship suitable positions to enable the master of the ship to comply with the requirements of sections 6(2), 11, 12, 14(2) and (7), 18(5) and 20(3) and (4); and (b) provide the ship with- (i) 2 man-ropes of not less than 28 millimetres in diameter properly secured to the ship if required by the pilot; (ii) a lifebuoy equipped with self-igniting light; (iii) a heaving line; (iv) a safety line and harness for rescue purposes; and (v) where required by section 13, stanchions and bulwark ladders in accordance with that section. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 5 Duties of master The master of a ship shall ensure that- (a) all appliances provided pursuant to this Regulation shall efficiently fulfil their purpose of enabling personnel to embark and disembark safely; (b) the appliances are kept clean, properly maintained and stowed and regularly inspected to ensure that they are safe to use; (c) the appliances are used solely for the embarkation and disembarkation of personnel; (d) the rigging of the appliances provided pursuant to section 4(1) and the embarkation and disembarkation of personnel thereby is supervised by a responsible officer having means of communication with the navigating bridge who shall also arrange for the escort of a pilot by a safe route to and from the navigating bridge; (e) the personnel engaged in rigging and operating any mechanical equipment are instructed in the safe procedures to be adopted and the equipment is tested prior to use. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 6 General requirements for pilot ladders PART II PILOT LADDERS AND ACCOMMODATION LADDERS (1) A pilot ladder shall be used only- (a) by personnel while a ship is arriving at or leaving a port; and (b) for the embarkation and disembarkation of pilots.(2) A pilot ladder shall be so positioned and secured- (a) that it is clear of any possible discharges from the ship; (b) that each step rests firmly against the ship's side and, if belting is fitted in way of this position, such belting shall be cut back sufficiently to comply with this requirement; (c) that the person using it can gain safe and convenient access to the ship after climbing not less than 1.5 metres and not more than 9 metres; and (d) that- (i) in the case of a ladder fitted before 1 January 1994, it is clear of the finer lines and as far as practicable at the mid-length of the ship; (ii) in the case of a ladder fitted on or after 1 January 1994, it is within the parallel body length of the ship and, as far as is practicable, within the mid-ship half section of the ship. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 7 Steps and side ropes of pilot ladders (1) The steps of a pilot ladder shall- (a) be made of ash, oak, elm or teak or other hardwood or other material of equivalent strength, stiffness and durability which, in the case of the 4 lowest steps, may be of rubber; (b) be made in one piece and, in the case of wooden steps, free of knots; (c) have an efficient non-slip surface; (d) be not less than 480 millimetres in length, 115 millimetres in width and 25 millimetres in depth, excluding any non-slip device or grooving; (e) be equally spaced not less than 300 millimetres and not more than 380 millimetres apart; and (f) be secured in such a manner that each step will remain horizontal: Provided that- (i) no pilot ladder shall have more than 2 replacement steps which are secured in position by a method different from that used in the original construction of the ladder, and any steps so secured shall be replaced as soon as is reasonably practicable by steps secured in position by the method used in the original construction of the pilot ladder; and (ii) where any replacement step is secured to the side ropes of the pilot ladder by means of grooves in the sides of the step, such grooves shall be in the longer sides of the step.(2) The side ropes of a pilot ladder shall- (a) consist of 2 ropes on each side which shall not be less than 18 millimetres in diameter and shall- (i) in the case of side ropes of a pilot ladder fitted before 1 January 1994, be made of manila; (ii) in the case of side ropes of a pilot ladder fitted on or after 1 January 1994, be made of manila or other material of equivalent strength, durability and grip which has been protected against degradation and is satisfactory to the Director;(b) be left uncovered by any other material; and (c) be continuous with no joins below the top step. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 8 Spreaders of pilot ladders (1) Spreaders shall be provided at such intervals as will prevent a pilot ladder from twisting, such spreaders to be- (a) not less than 1.8 metres and not more than 2 metres in length; (b) made of ash, oak, elm or teak or other hardwood or other material of equivalent strength, stiffness and durability; and (c) made in one piece and, in the case of wooden spreaders, free of knots.(2) The lowest spreader of a pilot ladder shall be on the fifth step from the bottom of the ladder, and the interval between any spreader and the next spreader shall be not more than 9 steps. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 9 Requirements for pilot ladders fitted before 1 January 1994 A single length of pilot ladder fitted before 1 January 1994 shall be used capable of reaching the water from the point of access to the ship and due allowance shall be made for all conditions of loading and trim of the ship. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 10 Requirements for pilot ladders fitted on or after 1 January 1994 (1) A single length of pilot ladder fitted on or after 1 January 1994 shall be used capable of reaching the water from the point of access to, or egress from, the ship and due allowance shall be made for- (a) all conditions of loading and trim of the ship; and (b) an adverse list of 15o.(2) The securing strong points, shackles and securing ropes used in connection with a pilot ladder fitted on or after 1 January 1994 shall be at least as strong as the side ropes of the ladder. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 11 Requirements in relation to pilot ladders (1) Where an accommodation ladder is used in conjunction with a pilot ladder, the pilot ladder shall be rigged immediately adjacent to the lower platform of the accommodation ladder so that the upper end of the pilot ladder extends not less than 2 metres above the lower platform of the accommodation ladder. (2) Where a trap door is fitted in the lower platform of the accommodation ladder to allow access from and to a pilot ladder- (a) the aperture shall not be less than 750 millimetres times 750 millimetres; (b) the after part of the lower platform shall also be fenced; and (c) the pilot ladder shall extend above the lower platform to the height of the handrail. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 12 Requirements for accommodation ladders (1) An accommodation ladder shall be so sited and made secure that, when used in conjunction with a pilot ladder for embarking or disembarking- (a) the ladder shall lead aft; and (b) the accommodation ladder falls are bowsed-in against the roll of the ship.(2) The lower end of an accommodation ladder fitted before 1 January 1994 shall rest firmly against the side of the ship as near to the mid-length of the ship as is practicable. (3) An accommodation ladder fitted on or after 1 January 1994 shall be clear of all discharges and the lower end of such ladder shall rest firmly against the ship's side within the parallel body length of the ship and as near the mid-ship as is practicable. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 13 Passage from pilot ladders (1) Means shall be provided to ensure safe and convenient passage for any person embarking on or disembarking from the ship between the head of a pilot ladder, or of any accommodation ladder or other appliance provided pursuant to section 4(1)(i)(ii), and the ship's deck. (2) Where the passage referred to in subsection (1)- (a) is by means of a gateway in the rails or bulwark, adequate handholds shall be provided; and (b) is by means of a bulwark ladder- (i) the ladder shall be securely attached to the bulwark rail or landing platform; (ii) 2 hand-hold stanchions shall be fitted at the point of embarking on or disembarking from the ship on each side, such stanchions to be not less than 0.70 metre and not more than 0.80 metre apart; (iii) each such stanchion shall- (A) be rigidly secured to the ship's structure at or near its base and also at a higher point; (B) extend not less than 1.20 metres above the top of the bulwarks; and (C) be not less than, in the case of a ladder fitted before 1 January 1994, 40 millimetres or, in the case of a ladder fitted on or after 1 January 1994, 32 millimetres in diameter; and(iv) no stanchions or handrails shall be attached to the bulwark ladder. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 14 General requirements for hoists PART III HOISTS (1) The owner shall ensure that a hoist, if provided, and its ancillary equipment- (a) is of a type approved by, or acceptable to, the Director; (b) is of such design and construction as to ensure that any person can be embarked and disembarked in a safe manner, including a safe access from the hoist to the deck and from the deck to the hoist; and (c) is used solely for the embarkation and disembarkation of pilots, and of officials and other persons while a ship is arriving at or leaving port.(2) A hoist shall be so located that it is- (a) in the case of a hoist installed before 1 January 1994, clear of the finer lines and, so far as is practicable, at the mid-length of the ship; (b) in the case of a hoist installed on or after 1 January 1994, within the parallel body of the ship and, as far as practicable, within the mid-ship half section of the ship and clear of all discharges.(3) The working load of a hoist shall be the sum of the weight of the hoist ladder or lift platform and falls in the fully lowered condition and the maximum number of persons which the hoist is designed to carry, the weight of each person being taken as 150 kg. (4) A hoist shall be capable of lifting, lowering and stopping when carrying 2.2 times its working load determined in accordance with subsection (3). (5) The maximum complement a hoist is permitted to carry shall be clearly and permanently marked on the hoist. (6) The average lifting and lowering speeds when the hoist is carrying its full working load shall be between- (a) in the case of a hoist installed before 1 January 1994, 15 and 30 metres per minute; (b) in the case of a hoist installed on or after 1 January 1994, 15 and 21 metres per minute.(7) From a standing position at the control point it shall be possible for an operator to have the hoist under observation continuously between its highest and lowest working positions. (8) The owner and master shall ensure that- (a) in respect of a hoist there is on board a copy of the manufacturer's maintenance manual, approved by the Director, which contains a maintenance log book; and (b) the hoist is kept in good order and maintained in accordance with the maintenance manual.(9) A record of maintenance and repairs of a hoist shall be entered in the maintenance log book by the officer responsible for its maintenance. (10) Any approval given pursuant to this section shall be given in writing and shall specify the date when it is to come into force and the conditions (if any) on which it is given. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 15 Construction of hoists (1) A hoist shall be of such construction that, when operating under the working load determined in accordance with section 14(3), each component has an adequate factor of safety having regard to the material used, the method of construction and the nature of its duty. (2) In selecting the materials of construction of a hoist, regard shall be paid to the conditions under which the hoist will be required to operate. (3) A hoist shall consist of the following main parts- (a) a mechanically powered winch; (b) 2 separate falls; (c) a ladder or, in the case of a hoist installed on or after 1 January 1994, a platform, consisting of 2 parts, being- (i) a rigid upper part for the transportation of any person upwards or downwards; and (ii) a flexible lower part, consisting of a short length of pilot ladder, which enables any person to climb from a launch or tender to the rigid upper part of the ladder and vice versa.(4) There shall be safe means of access between the ladder at its upper limit and the deck and vice versa, such access to be gained directly by a platform securely guarded by handrails. (5) Any electrical appliance associated with ladder section of a hoist shall not be operated at a voltage of more than 25 volts. (6) A hoist shall be securely attached to the structure of the ship, such attachment not to be solely by means of the ship's side rails. (7) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (6)- (a) proper and strong attachment points shall be provided for a portable hoist on each side of the ship; and (b) a portable hoist shall be equipped with an interlock that prevents operation of the hoist when the hoist is not correctly installed. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 16 Requirements for falls (1) The falls of a hoist shall be- (a) made of flexible steel wire rope of adequate strength and resistant to corrosion in a salt-laden atmosphere; (b) securely attached to winch-drums and the ladder, such attachments to be capable of withstanding a proof load of not less than 2.2 times the load on such attachments; (c) maintained at a sufficient relative distance from one another, so as to reduce the possibility of the ladder becoming twisted; and (d) of sufficient length to allow for all conditions of freeboard likely to be encountered in service and to retain not less than 3 turns on the winch-drums with the hoist in its lowest position.(2) Efficient arrangements shall be provided to ensure that the falls wind evenly on to the winch-drums. (3) Where the hoist is installed on or after 1 January 1994- (a) the falls shall be so arranged that the ladder or lift platform remains level if one fall breaks; (b) minimum safety factor of 6 shall be applied to the falls, which factor shall be calculated by dividing the breaking stress by safe working load of the material; and (c) the devices for attaching the falls to the winch shall be capable of supporting 2.2 times the working load with the falls run all the way out. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 17 Requirements for winches (1) The source of power for the winches shall be electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic and- (a) in the case of a pneumatic system, an exclusive air supply shall be provided with adequate arrangements to control its quality; (b) in the case of ships engaged in the carriage of flammable cargoes, the source of power shall not be such as to cause a hazard to the ship; and (c) all sources of power shall be capable of efficient operation under the conditions of vibration, humidity and range of temperature likely to be experienced in the ship in which they are installed.(2) The winch shall include a brake or other not less effective arrangement (such as a properly constructed worm drive)- (a) capable of supporting the working load in the event of power failure; and (b) capable of supporting the working load when the hand gear is in use.(3) Efficient hand gear shall be provided to lower or recover, at a reasonable speed, the person carried in the event of power failure. (4) Any crank handle provided for manual operation shall, when engaged, be so arranged that the power supply is automatically cut off. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 18 Ladder or platform section (1) The rigid part of the ladder section shall be not less than 2.50 metres in length and be equipped in such a way that the person carried can maintain a safe position whilst being hoisted or lowered, and such part shall be provided with- (a) a sufficient number of steps to provide a safe and easy access to and from the platform referred to in section 15(3)(c); (b) safe handholds capable of being used under all conditions, including extremes of temperature, together with non-slip steps; (c) a spreader at the lower end not less than 1.80 metres in length, the ends of such spreader to be provided with rollers which roll freely on the ship's side during the whole operation of embarking or disembarking; (d) an effective guard ring, suitably padded, so positioned as to provide physical support for the person carried without hampering movement; and (e) adequate mean for communication between the person carried, the operator and the responsible officer who supervises the embarkation or disembarkation of the person carried.(2) A hoist designed to operate as a lift platform shall have a platform- (a) with a non-slip surface at least 750 millimetres by 750 millimetres exclusive of the surface area of any trap door in the floor; (b) limited to one person per square metre of floor area or fraction thereof, exclusive of the area of any trap door; and (c) with a trap door, if provided, at least 750 millimetres by 750 millimetres so arranged that a pilot ladder may be rigged through the trap door, extending above the platform to the height of the handrail.(3) Below the rigid part mentioned in subsection (1), a section of flexible ladder comprising 8 steps shall be provided, constructed so that the steps of the flexible ladder section- (a) are made of ash, oak, elm or teak or other hardwood or other material of equivalent strength, stiffness and durability which, in the case of the 4 lowest steps of the flexible ladder section of a hoist installed before 1 January 1994, may be of rubber; (b) are made in one piece and, in the case of wooden steps, free of knots; (c) have an efficient non-slip surface; (d) are not less than 480 millimetres in length, 115 millimetres in width and 25 millimetres in depth, excluding any non-slip device or grooving; (e) are equally spaced not less than 300 millimetres and not more than 380 millimetres apart; and (f) are secured in such a manner that each will remain horizontal: Provided that- (i) no flexible ladder section shall have more than 2 replacement steps which are secured in position by a method different from that used in the original construction of the flexible ladder section and any steps so secured are replaced as soon as reasonably practicable by steps secured in position by the method used in the original construction of the flexible ladder and, where any replacement step is secured to the side ropes of the ladder by means of grooves in the sides of the step, such grooves to be in the longer sides of the step; and (ii) the side ropes of the flexible ladder shall consist of 2 ropes - (A) not less than 18 millimetres in diameter on each side; (B) made of manila or, in the case of a flexible ladder of a hoist installed on or after 1 January 1994, other material of equivalent strength, durability and grip which has been protected against degradation and is satisfactory to the Director; (C) left uncovered by any other material; and (D) which is continuous with no joins below the step; and(iii) in the case of a hoist installed on or after 1 January 1994, the flexible ladder section shall have appropriate fittings at the top for securing it to the rigid ladder.(4) The steps of the flexible ladder section shall be in the same vertical line, of the same width and spaced the same vertical distance apart as those of the rigid ladder section, placed as close as practicable to the ship's side and handholds of both parts of the ladder section shall be aligned as closely as possible. (5) If belting is fitted in way of a hoist position, such belting shall be cut back sufficiently to allow the hoist to be placed as close as is practicable to the ship's side. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 19 Control of hoists (1) A hoist shall be fitted with an automatic safety device in order to cut off the power supply when the ladder comes against any stop so as to avoid overstressing the falls or any other part of the hoist: Provided that, in the case of a hoist operated by pneumatic power, the safety cut-out device may be omitted if the maximum torque available from the air motor cannot result in overstressing of the falls or other parts of the hoist. (2) All hoist controls shall incorporate an emergency stop to cut off the power supply and an emergency stop switch within easy reach of the person carried by means of which he may cut off the power. (3) The winch controls for a hoist shall- (a) be clearly and durably marked to indicate- (i) in the case of a hoist installed before 1 January 1994, "Hoist", "Stop" and "Lower"; (ii) in the case of a hoist installed on or after 1 January 1994, "Lift", "Stop" and "Lower";(b) correspond to the manner in which the hoist operates; and (c) automatically return to the "Stop" position when released. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 20 Operation of hoists Expanded Cross Reference: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 (1) The master shall ensure that rigging and use of the hoist shall be supervised by a responsible officer of the ship. (2) Any person engaged in rigging and operating a hoist shall be instructed in the rigging and operating procedures as contained in the approved manual and the equipment shall be tested prior to the embarkation or disembarkation of any person. (3) The master shall ensure that a pilot ladder complying with sections 6 to 11 is- <* Note - Exp. X-Ref.: Sections 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 *> (a) rigged adjacent to a hoist and available for immediate use so that access to it is available from the hoist during any point of its travel; and (b) capable of reaching sea level from its own point of access to the ship.(4) The position on the ship's side where a hoist will be lowered shall be indicated. (5) An adequately protected stowage position shall be provided for a portable hoist and, in very cold weather, the master shall ensure that the portable hoist is not rigged until its use is imminent in conditions when ice may form on the hoist. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 21 Testing of hoists (1) A new hoist shall be subjected to an overload test of 2.2 times the working load, for which purpose- (a) the load shall be lowered a distance of not less than 5 metres and the brake applied to stop the hoist drum; and (b) if a winch is not fitted with a brake, the load shall be so lowered at the maximum permitted lowering speed and a power failure simulated to show that the hoist will stop and support the load.(2) An operating test of 10% overload shall be carried out on a hoist after its installation on board the ship. (3) Subsequent examination of a hoist under working conditions shall be made at- (a) each survey for the renewal of the ship's safety equipment certificate; and (b) where the hoist is installed on or after 1 January 1994, each annual and intermediate survey.(4) In addition to the testing required in subsections (1), (2) and (3), regular test rigging and inspection, including a load test to not less than 150 kg, shall be carried out by the ship's personnel at intervals of not more than 6 months, and a record to that effect shall be maintained- (a) if the ship is required to keep an official log book, by the master in that book; and (b) in any other case, by the master, or a member of the ship's personnel nominated by him for that purpose,and kept on board for not less than 12 months. (5) The master shall ensure that rigging and testing of a hoist pursuant to subsection (4) is supervised by a responsible officer of the ship. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 22 Shipside doors PART IV MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS The owner of a ship shall ensure that a shipside door used for embarkation and disembarkation of pilots and other personnel which is installed on or after 1 January 1994 shall not open outwards. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 23 Associated equipment The master shall ensure that the equipment specified in section 4(5)(b) is kept at hand ready for immediate use when persons are embarking or disembarking by means of appliances provided pursuant to section 4. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 24 Lighting The master shall ensure that lighting is provided so that- (a) a ladder or hoist provided pursuant to section 4 overside; (b) a hoist control; and (c) the position on deck where a person embarks or disembarks by means of such ladder or hoist,are adequately lit. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 25 Equivalents PART V EQUIVALENTS AND PENALTIES Where this Regulation requires that a particular fitting, material, appliance or apparatus or type thereof, shall be fitted or carried in a ship, or that any particular provision shall be made, the Director may approve any other fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof to be fitted or carried, or any other provision to be made in that ship if he is satisfied after trial thereof or otherwise that such other fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, or provision, is not less effective than that required by this Regulation. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 26 Penalties (1) A master of a ship who contravene any provision of section 5, 14(8), 20(1), (3) or (5), 21(4) or (5) or 23 commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 3 and to imprisonment for 6 months. (2) An owner of a ship who contravenes section 4(1) or (5), 14(1) or (8) or 22 commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 3 and to imprisonment for 6 months. (3) An officer who fails to supervise as instructed by the master and required by section 20(1) or 21(5) commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 1 and to imprisonment for 3 months. (4) An officer responsible for the maintenance of a hoist who fails to keep a record as required by section 14(9) commits an offence and is liable to a fine at level 2. (5) It shall be a defence for a person charged with an offence under this Regulation to prove that he took all reasonable steps and exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence. (Enacted 1995) Cap 369AU s 27 (Omitted as spent) PART VI (Omitted as spent) (Enacted 1995)
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