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1 Understanding has been reached between representatives of the C-ouncil of Agriculture (COA) of the Republic of China and the In-stitut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) of the FrenchRepublic, whose delegations are listed in Annex 1, concerning c-ooperative activities according to the following considerations:1 Since 1983 scientific cooperation in animal research has beenunder way between Taiwan Livestock Research Institute (TLRI)and INRA.2 A status review of the cooperative program has been made andboth parts agreed that the program between TLRI and INRA shou-ld be continued and carried out for five years according to t-he subjects defined in Annex 2.3 Other subjects of particular interest have to be discussed andare presented in Annex 3. Both parts agreed to give reciprocalanswers within a reasonable time.4 Both parts agreed to exchange scientific information about th-eir research work, exchange animals in order to set up jointexperiments in both countries, exchange research workers in o-rder to identify cooperative items of mutual interest, to fol-low up the planned experiments, and to complete joint publica-tions.5 Research work in laboratories for the cooperative program willbe supported with the funds of each Institute following theirusual practice. Some common experiments in both countries areplanned. Supplementary funds will be needed for the exchangeof researchers: short visits to do research, and pre-doctorateand post-doctorate scholarships. For the short research visits(1-4 weeks) each Institute will pay all expense for its own r-esearchers, but some special invitations can be made when jus-tified. Each institute may offer scholarships for post-doctor-ate study.6 Both parts agreed to extend the cooperation to other agricult-ural fields, particularly biotechnology, and will do the bestto facilitate cooperation with other institutions of the othercountry.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the representatives of the two parts have a-ffixed their signatures hereto.Done in Taipei on the 23rd day of May of the year One ThousandNine Hundred and Ninety-One.For the Council of Agriculture[Signed]Torng-chuang WuSecretary GeneralFor the Institut National de laRecherche Agronomique[Signed]Pierre DouzouPresidentANNEX 1.COMPOSITION OF DELEGATION REPUBLIC OF CHINA Torng-chuang Secretary geneal ofWu Council of AgriculturePaul M. H. Sun Commissioner, TaiwanProvincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry Te-yeh KuDirector, Food andAgriculture Department of Council of Agriculture Shuang-ching Director, AnimalChyr Industry Department ofCouncil of Agriculture Frederic P.N.Chief, InternationalChangCooperative Division ofCouncil of Agriculture Chein TaiDirector General ofTaiwan Livestock Research Institue FRENCH REPUBLICPierre DouzouPresident of the InstitutNational de la Recherche Agronomique Jean Razungles Director of InternationalRelations, Instutut National de la Recherche Agronomique Jean-MichelDelegue of InternationalAffairs, Ministry of Research & Technology Pierre MalletDeputy Director ofFrench Institute of Taiwan R. Rouvier Senior Researcher of theInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique ANNEX 2. ITEMS OF COOPERATION OF INITIAL INTEREST(1) duck breeding and genetics(2) application of mixed model methodology in breeding and gene-tics (3) rabbit genetic improvement and rex gene studies(4) evaluation of the performance of naked neck chicken in Taiw-an (5) sheep and goats genetics and physiology(6) monoclonal antibodies, chromosomal studies, gene maping, ge-netic polymorphism in casein and cell genetics subjects 1,2,3 and 4 will be carried out in five years, and 5 a-nd 6 are to be discussed. Detailed research plans for the subje-ct above are contained in the attached Appendix.ANNEX 3. ITEMS OF COOPERATION TO BE STUDIDEWASTE WATER TREATMENTAnimal waste treatment technique including removal nitrogen andphosphorus from the effluent, high temperature anaerobic fermen-tation, growth of spiral blue-green algae (Spirulina plalensis)and training of personnel.APPENDIX1 DUCK BREEDING AND GENETICSResearches about the intergeneric cross between Cairina mosch-ata and Anas platyrhynchos:(1) Estimation of genetic parameters in crossesCrossbreeding experiment between brown Tsaiya and Pekin inorder to estimate the genetic parameters of crossbreeding (additive genetic effects, both direct and maternal, and he-terosis effects) for mule duck production (duck reproducti-ve traits and mule duck growth traits). The same experimentwill be done in both locations (INRA in France, TLRI in Ta-iwan). It is expected to find the best use of the Brown Ts-aiya genes to improve mule duck production, according to t-he environment (Temperate or Tropical climate).(2) Genetics of the trait duration of fertility by artificialinsemination with Muscovy semenData which had been already collected from TLRI will be an-alyzed and according to the results a new experiment willbe set up. It is expected to find if it is possible to ins-eminate once a week instead of twice a week to increase theefficiency of duck production due to reduction in labor ti-me.(3) Muscovy selection for growth rate and meat quality.1 Muscovy for mule: From line 302 available in ILan Duck Research Center, an experimental selection scheme will be set up in order to increase growth rate in the young with a restriction for adult body weight. The purpose is to increase mule duck growth rate and to improve its an- atomical composition for meat production. .2 Pure Muscovy: As there is a new market for pure muscovy,Taiwan plan to import Muscovy from France in order to d- efine how to utilize this new genotype in the new envir- onment (Tropical climate). (4) Genetic, nutritional effects and physiological mechanism f-or egg shell quality in ducks(5) Artificial insemination with frozen semenTLRI studied cryopreservation of duck semen and got 60% eggfertility rate with frozen semen.The sharing of this new technology with TLRI should be app-reciated by INRA.(6) Geese raising and genetics for meatAs there is a geese breeding station (Changhwa) in TLRI wi-th Chinese and White Roman geese, a Common interest is exi-sting about meat production from geese. Specially the factthat Chinese geese in Taiwan is laying from September to J-uly (but with a low intensity rate) seems to be interestingin order to increase the duration of laying.2 APPLICATION OF MIXED MODEL METHODOLOGY IN BREEDING AND CENETI-CSStatistical techniques e.g., BLUP and animal model, were welldeveloped to increase the accuracy of genetic evaluation of b-reeding stocks, especially for the less hereditary characteri-stics. According to the bilateral interests of TLRI and INRAin this aspect, it would be useful to consolidate the team inboth Institutes to develop cooperative researches in both qua-ntitative genetics and statistical methodology for animal genetic improvement as well as in computer program for simulationand for analysis of data from animal breeding experiments andfarm testing. Therefore, it is proposed to have visiting scho-lars exchange annually from both Institutes in additive and n-on-additive genetic models for both continuous and discrete traits.3 RABBIT GENETIC IMPROVEMENT AND REX GENE STUDIESTLRI is interested by rabbit genetic improvement for meat andfur production and INRA is particularly interested in the syu-dy of Chinchilla Rex rabbits and the artificial insemination (AI) technique used in rabbits. Also the preliminary results o-btained from the study of Rex gene done in INRA indicated thatthe hypothesis of an unfavorable pleiotropic effect of Rex ge-ne to the whole productivity was rejected. Therefore, selecti-on will be effective and building a high productivity strainfor this puropse to develop and conduct the same kind of expe-riments as follows in both locations:(1) selection for fur quality and productivity in Rex strain(2) application of AI in meat and fur types rabbitsThis is interesting for both parts and feasible 4 THE EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF NAKED NECK CHICKEN IN TA-IWANDr. Merat has pointed out the apparent association of naked g-ene (Na) with heat tolerance in his review (1986). The nakedneck chickens with the genotypes of Na/Na or Na/Na+ showed abetter performance in body weight, egg production, egg weightand egg mass than the na/na+ chickens under the temperature a-bove 30℃. The average temperature of Taiwan are above 27℃ f-rom April to November. Whether the advantages observed for thenaked neck chickens at constant high temperature also occur influctuating temperature environments and at various of Taiwan.Therefore, it will be worth trying to raised naked neck chick-ens in Taiwan.5 SHEEP AND GOATS GENETICS AND PHYSIOLOGYResearchers from INRA are interested in study of goat α - ca-sein alleles associated With economically important traits. T-LRI is interested by sheep genetic improvement for productionand reproduction (e.g., high prolificacy booroola gene), andgoat artificial insemination techniques as well as embryo tra-nsfer through endoscopic method. Therefore, it is proposed(1) an exchange of frozen embryos from Ramanov sheep of INRA w-ith those from Taiwan native goat of TLRI, and(2) researcher(s) from TLRI will visit INRA for application ofendoscopic method in embryo transfer.Feasibility of (1) has to be discussed with the researchers i-nvolved6 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, CHROMOSOMAL STUDIES AND CELL GENETICSExchange of researchers for exchange of information and study-ing some special topics are needed and suggested in order toidentify feasible programs of common interest.