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(Cap 369 section 96) [2 August 1991] (L.N. 286 of 1991) Cap 369R reg 1 Citation, interpretation, application and exemption Expanded Cross Reference: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 PART I GENERAL (1) These regulations may be cited as The Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built Before 1 September 1984) Regulations. (1A) (Omitted as spent) (2) In these regulations- "'A' Class division" ('A'级隔板) means a bulkhead or part of a deck which is- (a) constructed of steel or other equivalent material; (b) suitably stiffened; (c) so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame to the end of the 60 minute standard fire test; and (d) so insulated where necessary with suitable non-combustible materials that if the division is exposed to a standard fire test the average temperature on the unexposed side of the division shall not increase more than 139oC above the initial temperature, nor shall the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 180oC above the initial temperature within the time listed below- A60 standard 60 minutes A15 standard 15 minutes A 0 standard 0 minutes;"accommodation spaces" (起居舱) means passenger spaces, corridors, lavatories, cabins, offices, crew spaces, barbers shops, pantries not containing cooking appliances and lockers, and similar spaces; "anniversary date" (周年日期) means the date in each year corresponding to the date of expiry of the cargo ship safety construction certificate; "'B' Class division" ('B'级隔板) means a bulkhead, deck, ceiling or lining which is- (a) so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of flame to the end of the first 30 minute of the standard fire test; (b) constructed of approved non-combustible materials, and all materials entering into construction and erection of 'B' Class divisions shall be non-combustible, except where in accordance with regulation 12 the use combustible material is not precluded;"'B' Class panel" ('B'级镶板) means a panel complying with the requirements of regulation 12; "bulk carrier" (散装货轮) means a ship which is constructed generally with single deck, top-side tanks and hopper side tanks in cargo spaces, and is intended primarily to carry dry cargo in bulk, and includes such types as ore carriers and combination carriers; (L.N. 479 of 1996) "bulkhead deck" (舱壁甲板) means the deck up to which the majority of transverse watertight bulkheads are carried; "'C' Class division" ('C'级隔板) means a bulkhead, ceiling or lining which is constructed of suitable non-combustible materials not being an 'A' Class division or a 'B' Class division; "cargo control station" (货物控制站) means a space from which the loading, discharging or transferring of any oil cargo may be controlled; "cargo pump room" (货泵房) means a room in which any pumps used for loading, discharging or transferring oil cargoes are located; "Certifying Authority" (核证当局) means the Director or any person authorized by the Director where appropriate; "chemical tanker" (化学品液货船) means a cargo ship constructed or adapted and used for the carriage in bulk of any liquid product listed in either Chapter 17 of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee by Resolution MSC.4(48), or Chapter VI of the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk adopted by the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization by Resolution A.212(VII); (L.N. 479 of 1996) "combination carrier" (油类/散货两用船) means a ship designed to carry either oil or solid cargoes in bulk; (L.N. 479 of 1996) "conning position" (指挥位置) means the position from which the navigation of a ship is controlled; (L.N. 106 of 2001) "continuous 'B' Class ceiling or lining" (连续'B'级舱内铺板或衬板) means a 'B' Class ceiling or lining which terminates only at an 'A' Class or 'B' Class division; "control stations" (控制站) means spaces in which radio or main navigating equipment, or the emergency source of power, or the central fire recording or fire control equipment are located; "deadweight" (载重量) means the difference in tonnes between the displacement of a ship at the summer load waterline and the lightweight of the ship; "Director" (处长) means the Director of Marine; "equivalent material" (同等物料) where the words are used in the expression "steel or other equivalent material" means any material which, by itself or due to insulation provided, has structural and integrity properties equivalent to steel at the end of an appropriate fire test; "gas carrier" (气体运输船) means a cargo ship constructed or adapted and used for the carriage in bulk of any liquefied gas or other product listed in either Chapter 19 of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee by Resolution MSC.5(48) or Chapter XIX of the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk adopted by the International Maritime Organization by Resolution A.328(IX); (L.N. 479 of 1996) "Hong Kong ship" (香港船舶) means a ship which is registered in Hong Kong; "Hong Kong tanker" (香港液货船) means a tanker registered in Hong Kong; "lightweight" (空载重量) means the displacement of a ship in tonnes without cargo, oil fuel, lubricating oil, ballast and fresh water in tanks, stores and crew and their effects; "machinery control room" (机械控制室) means a room from which the propelling machinery and boilers serving the needs of propulsion may be controlled; "machinery space" (机舱) means any machinery space of Category A and any other space containing propelling machinery, boilers, oil fuel units, steam and internal combustion engines, generators and major electrical machinery, oil filling stations, refrigerating, stabilizing, ventilation and air conditioning machinery, and similar spaces; and trunks to such spaces; "machinery space of Category A" (A类机舱) means any space which contains- (a) internal combustion type machinery used either for main propulsion purposes, or for other purposes where such machinery has in the aggregate a total power output of not less than 373 kW, or (b) any oil-fired boiler or oil fuel unit; and trunks to such spaces;"maximum service speed" (最大航速) means the greatest speed which the ship is designed to maintain at sea at her deepest seagoing draught; "Merchant Shipping Notice" (商船公告) means a Notice described as such, issued by the United Kingdom Department of Transport, and includes a reference to any document amending or replacing that Notice which is approved by the Director and notified to this effect in the Gazette; "navigable speed" (可航行速度) means the minimum speed at which the ship can be effectively steered in the ahead direction; "non-combustible material" (非可能燃烧物料) means a material which when heated to a temperature of 750oC neither flames for longer than 10 seconds duration, nor raises either its internal temperature or the temperature of the test furnace more than 50oC above 750oC when tested in accordance with British Standard 476: Part 4: 1970 or other equivalent standard acceptable to the Director, and the expression "combustible material" (可能燃烧物料) shall be construed accordingly; "oil fuel unit" (燃油机组) means the equipment used for the preparation of oil fuel for delivery to an oil fired boiler or equipment used for the preparation for delivery of heated oil to an internal combustion engine and includes any oil pressure pumps, filters and heaters dealing with oil at a pressure greater than 1.8 bar gauge; "oil tanker" (油轮) means a ship constructed or adapted primarily to carry oil in bulk in its cargo spaces and includes a combination carrier or a chemical tanker when it is carrying a cargo or part cargo of oil in bulk; (L.N. 479 of 1996) "Reid vapour pressure" (雷德蒸气压力) means the vapour pressure of a liquid as determined by laboratory testing in a standard manner in the Reid apparatus; "service space" (服务舱) includes galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, laundries, store rooms, workshops other than those forming part of machinery spaces, and similar spaces, and trunks to such spaces; "settling tank" (沉淀柜) means an oil storage tank having a heating surface of not less than 0.183 square metre per tonne of oil capacity; "standard fire test" (标准耐火测试) means a test in which a specimen of the relevant 'A' Class or 'B' Class division having an exposed surface area of not less than 4.65 square metres and a bulkhead height or deck length of 2.44 metres resembling as closely as possible the intended construction and including where appropriate at least one joint, is exposed in a test furnace to a series of time temperature relationships, approximately as follows- at the end of the first 5 minutes 538oC at the end of the first 10 minutes 704oC at the end of the first 30 minutes 843oC at the end of the first 60 minutes 927oC"steering gear power unit" (舵机动力机组) means- (a) in the case of electric steering gear, the electric motor and its associated electrical equipment; or (b) in the case of electro-hydraulic steering gear, the electric motor, its associated electrical equipment and connected pump; or (c) in the case of steam-hydraulic or pneumatic-hydraulic steering gear, the driving engine and connected pump;"suitable" (适合) in relation to material means approved by the Director as suitable for the purpose for which it is used; "surface spread of flame" (表面火焰蔓延) means the surface spread of flame when tested in accordance with an established test procedure to the satisfaction of the Director; "surveyor" (验船师) means a surveyor appointed by a Certifying Authority, a marine surveyor of the United Kingdom Department of Transport and a Government surveyor appointed under section 5 of the Ordinance; "tanker" (液货船) means a cargo ship constructed or adapted for the carriage in bulk of liquid cargoes of a flammable nature and, except where the context otherwise requires, includes a gas carrier and a chemical tanker; (L.N. 479 of 1996) "tons" (吨) means gross tons and the gross tonnage of a ship having alternative gross tonnages shall be taken to be the larger of those tonnages; "upper deck" (上甲板) means the uppermost complete deck exposed to the sea and weather fitted as an integral part of the ship's structure, being a deck, openings in the weather portions of which are fitted with permanent means of closing and below which all openings in the sides of the ship are fitted with permanent means of watertight closing. (23 of 1998 s. 2) (3) (a) Subject to subregulations (4), (6A) and (7), Parts I, II, IIIB, IV, VI and VII apply in relation to ships which are sea-going Hong Kong ships or 500 tons or over, except- (L.N. 106 of 2001) (i) passenger ships; (ii) troopships; (iii) any trawler to which Part XII of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance (Cap 281) applies; (iv) any vessel which is for the time being used for any purpose by the Hong Kong Government or any state; (v) any vessel authorized by virtue of a passenger and safety certificate to carry passengers within river trade limits; (vi) vessels required to be licensed under Part IV of the Shipping and Port Control Ordinance (Cap 313); (vii) ships not propelled by mechanical means. (b) Subject to subregulations (4), (6A) and (7), Parts I, II, IIIB, VI and VII apply in relation to all other sea-going ships of 500 tons or over (except passenger ships, troopships, fishing vessels and ships not propelled by mechanical means) while they are within the waters of Hong Kong. (L.N. 106 of 2001)(4) (a) Subject to subregulation (7), regulations 3 (except subregulation (1)), 5 to 19 inclusive, 20(2), 25(2), 27(2)(c) and (d), 31, 32 (except paragraph (1)), 34 and 36(2) shall not apply to any ship the keel of which was laid before 26 May 1965; (b) Subject to subregulations (6A) and (7), regulation 4(2) shall apply only to Hong Kong ships the keels of which were laid or were at a similar stage of construction on or after 25 May 1980; (c) Subject to subregulations (6A) and (7), Section III of Part II shall apply only to Hong Kong ships the keels of which are laid or are at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 May 1981.(5) Subject to subregulations (6) and (6A), in relation to tankers carrying crude oil and petroleum products having a closed flashpoint not exceeding 60 degrees Celsius, and the Reid vapour pressure of which is below that of atmospheric pressure, or other liquids having a similar fire hazard, which are- (a) sea-going Hong Kong tankers of 500 tons or over, all Parts of these regulations shall apply where:- (i) the keels were laid, or were at a similar stage of construction, before 1 July 1975 but were completed on or before 1 January 1979; or (ii) the keels were laid, or were at a similar stage of construction, on or after 1 July 1975 but before 1 July 1977, except that in the case of such ships, the building contracts of which were signed before 1 July 1975 and were completed before 1 January 1979, the following regulations shall not apply- (aa) regulation 62(1) and (4) (use of non-combustible material in certain bulkheads); (bb) regulation 63(1)(a) and (b) (use of non-combustible materials for ceilings, linings, framing, grounds and joint pieces but not including continuous ceilings and linings referred to in regulation 62(3) or the framing, grounds and joint pieces of such continuous ceilings and linings); or(iii) the keels were laid, or were at a similar stage of construction, on or after 1 July 1977; and(b) sea-going Hong Kong tankers of 500 tons or over, all Parts of these regulations shall apply where they were converted into or adapted to be tankers carrying such products on or after 25 May 1980; and (c) sea-going tankers of 500 tons or over, all Parts of these regulations shall apply where the keels were laid or were at a similar stage of construction on or after 25 May 1980, while they are within the waters of Hong Kong; and (d) sea-going tankers of 500 tons or over, all Parts of these regulations shall apply where they were converted into or adapted to be tankers carrying such products, on or after 25 May 1980, while they are within the waters of Hong Kong.(6) Regulations 11 to 19 inclusive (fire protection) shall not apply to- <* Note - Exp. X-Ref.: Regulations 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 *> (a) Hong Kong tankers carrying crude oil and petroleum products having a closed flashpoint not exceeding 60 degrees Celsius and the Reid vapour pressure of which is below that of atmospheric pressure or other liquids having a similar fire hazard, the keels of which were laid or which were at a similar stage of construction, on or after 1 July 1975, or were laid or were at a similar stage of construction before that date but were completed after 31 December 1978, or where they were converted into or adapted to be tankers carrying such products, on or after 25 May 1980; (b) other such sea-going tankers of 500 tons or over, the keels of which were laid or were at a similar stage of construction on or after 25 May 1980, or where they were converted into or adapted to be tankers carrying such products, on or after 25 May 1980.(6A) (a) These regulations shall in relation to ships apply only to ships the keels of which were laid or which were at a similar stage of construction before 1 September 1984. (b) For the purpose of this regulation "a similar stage of construction" (相若建造阶段) means the stage at which- (i) construction identifiable with a specific ship begins; and (ii) assembly of that ship has commenced comprising at least 50 tonnes or 1% of the estimated mass of all structural material whichever is less.(7) The Director may grant exemptions from all or any of the provisions of these regulations (as may be specified in the exemption) for classes of cases or individual cases on such terms (if any) as he may so specify and may, subject to giving reasonable notice, alter or cancel any such exemption. (8) No provision. (9) Hong Kong ships which undergo repairs, alterations, modifications and outfitting related thereto shall comply with the requirements of these regulations to at least the same extent as they did before undergoing such repairs, alterations, modifications or outfitting. Hong Kong ships which undergo repairs, alterations and modifications of a major character shall meet the requirements of the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) (Ships Built On or After 1 September 1984) Regulations (Cap 369 sub. leg.) in so far as the Director deems reasonable and practicable except where such repairs, alterations and modifications were commenced before or were carried out pursuant to a contract entered into before these regulations came into operation. (10) Nothing in these regulations shall apply to any ship which is not a Hong Kong ship by reason of her being within the waters of Hong Kong if she would not have been therein but for stress of weather or any other circumstances that which could not have been prevented by the master or the owner or the charterer (if any). (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 2 Structural strength PART II CONSTRUCTION (Section I) The structural strength of every ship to which these regulations apply and the number and disposition of transverse watertight bulkheads shall be adequate for the service for which the ship is intended. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 3 Watertight doors (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply in which a watertight door is provided to maintain the watertight integrity of a bulkhead, every such watertight door shall be made of suitable material and shall be efficiently constructed for its intended duty. (2) (a) Every watertight door of the sliding type shall be capable of being operated by efficient hand operated gear both at the door itself and from an accessible position above the bulkhead deck. (b) The operating gear for operating from above the bulkhead deck any sliding watertight door fitted in the bulkhead of a machinery space shall be situated outside the machinery space unless such a position is inconsistent with the efficient arrangement of the necessary gearing.(3) Where there is access from the lower part of a machinery space to a watertight shaft tunnel the access opening shall be provided with a sliding watertight door which shall be capable of being operated locally from both sides of the door. (4) Means shall be provided at remote operating positions to indicate when a sliding door is closed. (5) Watertight doors shall be capable of being operated when the ship is listed up to 15 degrees either way. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 4 Bilge pumping and drainage arrangements (1) Every ship to which these regulations apply shall be provided with efficient bilge pumping plant and means for drainage so arranged that water entering any part of the hull, up to the bulkhead deck, other than a space permanently appropriated for the carriage of fresh water, water ballast, oil fuel or liquid cargo and for which other efficient means of pumping or drainage are provided, can be pumped out through at least one suction pipe when the ship is on an even keel or is listed not more than 5 degrees either way. Wing suctions shall be provided where necessary for this purpose. Efficient means shall be provided whereby water may easily flow to the suction pipes: The means of pumping and drainage in compartments of the ship is dispensed with provided that the Director is satisfied the safety of the ship is not thereby impaired. (2) Provision shall be made for the drainage of enclosed cargo spaces situated on the bulkhead deck of any ship: The means of drainage in compartments of the ship is dispensed with provided that the Director is satisfied that, by reason of the size or internal subdivision of the enclosed cargo spaces situated on the bulkhead deck of the ship, the safety of the ship is not thereby impaired. Where the freeboard to the bulkhead deck is such that the deck edge is not immersed when the ship heels 5 degrees either way, the required drainage shall be by means of a suitable number and size of deck scuppers discharging directly overboard fitted in accordance with paragraph 12 of Schedule 4 to the Merchant Shipping (Safety) (Load Line) Regulations (Cap 369 sub. leg.). In all other cases, internal drainage shall be led to a suitable space or spaces of adequate capacity, having a high water-level alarm and provided with suitable arrangements for discharge overboard. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 5 Electrical equipment and installation - general (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply, the electrical equipment and installations, including any electrical means of propulsion, shall be such that the ship and all persons on board are protected against electrical hazards. The electrical equipment and installations shall comply with the requirements specified in Schedule 3. (2) Every such ship, being a ship in which electrical power is the only power for maintaining auxiliary services essential for the propulsion or safety of the ship, shall be provided with two or more generating sets of such power that the aforesaid services can be operated when any one of the sets is out of service. (3) Where the electrical load includes services essential for the propulsion or safety of the ship and the normal sea load is such that two or more generators are required to operate in parallel, arrangements shall be made to trip automatically sufficient non-essential load when the total current exceeds the connected generator capacity. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 6 Emergency source of electrical power SHIPS OF 5000 TONS OR OVER (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply being a ship of 5000 tons or over there shall be provided in a position above the uppermost continuous deck and outside the machinery casings a self-contained emergency source of electrical power so arranged as to ensure its functioning in the event of fire or other casualty causing failure of the main electrical installation. (2) In every such ship the emergency source of electrical power required by subregulation (1) shall be capable of operating simultaneously for a period of at least 6 hours the following services- (a) the emergency lighting required to be provided at the muster and embarkation stations and alleyways, stairways and exits giving access to the muster and embarkation stations, and at each survival craft, its launching appliance, and the area of water into which the survival craft is to be launched; (L.N. 153 of 2001) (b) an emergency lighting system which shall be provided in the main machinery space, the space containing the ship's main electric generating plant, on the navigating bridge and in the chartroom; (c) the general alarm, if electrically operated; (d) the ship's navigation lights if solely electric; and (e) the daylight signalling lamp if it is operated by the ship's main source of electrical power.(3) (a) In every such ship the emergency source of electrical power shall be either accumulator (storage) batteries capable of complying with the requirements of subregulation (2) without being recharged or suffering an excessive voltage drop or a generator driven by internal combustion type machinery with an independent fuel supply and with efficient starting arrangements and the fuel provided for such machinery shall have a flash point of not less than 43oC. (b) The emergency source of electrical power shall be so arranged that it will operate efficiently when the ship is listed 22 1/2 degrees and when the trim of the ship is 10 degrees from an even keel. (c) Provision shall be made for the periodical testing of the emergency source of electrical power and its associated circuits. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 7 SHIPS OF 1600 TONS OR OVER BUT UNDER 5000 TONS (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply being a ship of 1600 tons or over but of under 5000 tons there shall be provided in a position above the uppermost continuous deck or raised quarter-deck and outside the machinery casings a self-contained emergency source of electrical power so arranged as to ensure its functioning in the event of fire or other casualty causing failure of the main electrical installation. (2) In every such ship the emergency source of electrical power required by subregulation (1) shall be capable of operating simultaneously for a period of at least 3 hours the following services- (a) the emergency lighting required to be provided at the muster and embarkation stations and alleyways, stairways and exits giving access to the muster and embarkation stations, and at each survival craft, its launching appliance, and the area of water into which the survival craft is to be launched; (L.N. 153 of 2001) (b) the general alarm, if electrically operated; (c) the ship's navigation lights if solely electric.(3) (a) In every such ship the emergency source of electrical power shall be either accumulator (storage) batteries capable of complying with the requirements of subregulation (2) without being recharged or suffering an excessive voltage drop or a generator driven by internal combustion type machinery with an independent fuel supply and with efficient starting arrangements and the fuel provided for such machinery shall have a flash point of not less than 43oC. (b) The emergency source of electrical power shall be so arranged that it will operate efficiently when the ship is listed 22 1/2 degrees and when the trim of the ship is 10 degrees from an even keel. (c) Provision shall be made for the periodical testing of the emergency source of electrical power and its associated circuits. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 8 SHIPS OF UNDER 1600 TONS (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply being a ship of under 1600 tons not having its main source of electrical power situated above the uppermost continuous deck or raised quarter deck and outside the machinery casings there shall be provided in a position above the uppermost continuous deck or raised quarter deck and outside the machinery casings a self-contained emergency source of electrical power so arranged as to ensure its functioning in the event of fire or other casualty causing failure of the main electrical installation. (2) In every such ship the emergency source of electrical power required by subregulation (1) shall be capable of operating simultaneously for a period of at least 3 hours the following services- (a) the emergency lighting required to be provided at the muster and embarkation stations and alleyways, stairways and exits giving access to the muster and embarkation stations, and at each survival craft, its launching appliance, and the area of water into which the survival craft is to be launched; (L.N. 153 of 2001) (b) the general alarm, if electrically operated; (c) the ship's navigation lights if solely electric.(3) (a) In every such ship the emergency source of electrical power shall be either accumulator (storage) batteries capable of complying with the requirements of subregulation (2) without being recharged or suffering an excessive voltage drop or a generator driven by internal combustion type machinery with an independent fuel supply and with efficient starting arrangements and the fuel provided for such machinery shall have a flash point of not less than 43oC. (b) The emergency source of electrical power shall be so arranged that it will operate efficiently when the ship is listed 22 1/2 degrees and when the trim of the ship is 10 degrees from an even keel. (c) Provision shall be made for the periodical testing of the emergency source of electrical power and its associated circuits. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 9 Electric and electro-hydraulic steering gear (1) Every ship to which these regulations apply which is fitted with electric or electro-hydraulic steering gear shall be provided with indicators which will show when the power units of such steering gear are running. These indicators shall be situated in the machinery control room or in such other position or positions as the Certifying Authority may approve, and on the navigating bridge. (2) In every such ship of 5000 tons or over the following provisions shall apply- (a) electric and electro-hydraulic steering gear shall be served by two circuits fed from the main switchboard, one of which may pass through the emergency switchboard, if one is provided. Each circuit shall have adequate capacity for supplying all the motors which are normally connected to it and which operate simultaneously, and if transfer arrangements are provided in the steering gear room to permit either circuit to supply any motor or combination of motors, the capacity of each circuit shall be adequate for the most severe load condition. The circuits shall be separated as widely as is practicable throughout their length; (b) only short circuit protection shall be provided for such circuits and motors.(3) In every such ship of under 5000 tons in which electrical power is the sole source of power for both main and auxiliary steering gear, the arrangements shall comply with the requirements of subregulation (2), except that if the auxiliary steering gear is powered by a motor primarily intended for other services, suitable overload protection shall be fitted. Only short circuit protection shall be provided for the motors and power circuits of any electrically or electro-hydraulically operated main steering gear fitted in any ship of less than 5000 tons. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 10 Precautions against shock, fire and other hazards of electrical origin (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply all electrical equipment shall be so constructed and installed that there will be no danger of injury to any person handling it in a proper manner. Subject to the provisions of subregulation (2), where electrical equipment supplied as ship's equipment is to be operated at a voltage in excess of 55 volts, the exposed metal parts of such equipment which are not intended to have a voltage above that of earth, but which may have such a voltage under fault conditions, shall be earthed. (2) Exposed metal parts of portable electric lamps, tools and similar apparatus, supplied as ships' equipment to be operated at a voltage in excess of 55 volts, shall be earthed through a conductor in the supply cable, unless by the use of double insulation or a suitable isolating transformer protection at least as effective as earthing through a conductor is provided. When electric lamps, tools or other apparatus are used in damp spaces, provision shall be made, so far as practicable, to ensure that the danger of electric shock is reduced to a minimum. (3) Every main and emergency switchboard shall be so arranged as to give easy access to the back and the front thereof without danger to any person. Every such switchboard shall be suitably guarded and a non-conducting mat or grating shall be provided at the back and the front where necessary. No exposed parts which may have a voltage between conductors or to earth exceeding 250 volts direct current or 55 volts alternating current shall be installed on the face of any switchboard or control panel. (4) The hull return system of distribution shall not be used in any ship to which these regulations apply, but the Director may exempt any such ship, other than a tanker, from this regulation. (5) In every ship to which these regulations apply every electric cable shall, at every position at which an electrical fault may cause a fire, be flame-retardant sheathed or armoured or otherwise equally effectively protected. All metal sheaths and metal armour of electric cable in every such ship shall be electrically continuous and shall be earthed. (6) In every such ship lighting fittings shall be arranged to prevent rises in temperature which would be injurious to the electric wiring thereof or which would result in a risk of fire in the surrounding material. (7) In every such ship electric wiring shall be supported in such a manner as to avoid chafing and other injury. (8) Every separate electrical circuit shall be protected against short circuit. (9) In every such ship each separate electrical circuit, other than a circuit which operates the ship's steering gear or any other circuit in respect of which the Director grants an exemption, shall be protected against overload. There shall be clearly and permanently indicated on or near each overload protective device the current carrying capacity of the circuit which it protects and the rating or setting of the device. (10) In every such ship all accumulator (storage) batteries shall be housed in boxes or compartments which are constructed to protect the batteries from damage and are ventilated to minimize the accumulation of explosive gas. Devices liable to arc shall not be installed in any compartment assigned principally to accumulator batteries. (11) Every electric space-heater forming part of the equipment of such a ship shall be fixed in position and shall be so constructed as to reduce the risk of fire to a minimum. No such heater shall be constructed with an element so exposed that clothing, curtains, or other material can be scorched or set on fire by heat from the element. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 11 Fire protection Expanded Cross Reference: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 Regulations 12 to 18 shall (subject to the provisions of regulation 1(4)(a) and (6)) apply to ships of 4000 tons or over. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 12 Where a bulkhead is required by these regulations to be constructed of 'B' Class panels, such panels- (a) shall be so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of flame to the end of the first one-half hour of the standard fire test; (b) shall have an insulation value such that the average temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 139oC (250oF) above the original temperature, nor will the temperature at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 225oC (405oF) above the original temperature, within the time listed below- Class "B-15" 15 minutes Class "B-0" 0 minutes(c) shall be constructed of approved non-combustible materials and all materials entering into the construction and erection of 'B' Class panels shall be non-combustible, except where on a cargo ship the use of combustible materials is not precluded, in which case it shall comply with the temperature rise limitation specified in paragraph (b) up to the end of the first one-half hour of the standard fire test. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 13 (1) The hull, superstructure, structural bulkheads, decks and deck-houses shall be constructed of steel or of such other suitable materials as the Director may permit in special cases, having regard to the risk of fire. (2) The corridor bulkheads serving accommodation spaces and control stations shall be constructed of steel or of 'B' Class panels. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 14 (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply doorways and similar openings in corridor bulkheads shall be capable of being closed by permanently attached doors or by shutters. (2) In every such ship the number of ventilation openings in such bulkheads shall be kept to a minimum. Such openings shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be provided only in or under doors and shall, wherever practicable, be in the lower part of the door. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 15 In every ship to which these regulations apply interior stairways, ladders and crew lift trunks within accommodation spaces shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 16 The boundary bulkheads of any emergency generator room and the bulkheads separating a galley, paint-room, lamp-room, or boatswain's store from an accommodation space shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 17 Deck coverings within accommodation spaces and control stations on the deck forming the crown of machinery and cargo spaces shall be of a type which will not readily ignite. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 18 (1) Paints, varnishes and other surface materials having a nitrocellulose or other highly flammable base shall not be used in accommodation spaces, machinery spaces or control stations. (2) Pipes intended to convey oil or other flammable liquids shall be of a material acceptable to the Certifying Authority having regard to the risk of fire. (3) Overboard scuppers, sanitary discharges or other outlets close to or below the waterline shall not be of a material likely to fail in the event of fire and thereby give rise to a danger of flooding. (4) Cellulose-nitrate film shall not be used in cinematograph installations. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 19 (a) Subject to the provisions of regulation 1(6), in every ship to which these regulations apply the skylights to spaces containing main propulsion machinery or oil-fired boilers or auxiliary internal combustion type machinery of a total power of 746 kilowatts or over shall be capable of being closed and, where practicable, opened from outside the space in the event of fire and, where they contain glass panels, such panels shall be of fire resisting construction fitted with wire reinforced glass and shall have external, permanently attached shutters of steel or other equivalent material. (b) Windows may be fitted in engine casings provided that the Director is satisfied that they are necessary and will not constitute a fire hazard. Where such windows are fitted they shall be of a non-opening type and shall be of fire resisting construction fitted with wire reinforced glass and shall have external, permanently attached shutters of steel or other equivalent material. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 20 Boilers and machinery - general (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply the machinery, boilers and other pressure vessels shall be of a design and construction adequate for the service for which they are intended and shall be so installed and protected as to reduce to a minimum any danger to persons on board. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, means shall be provided which will prevent overpressure in any part of such machinery, boilers and other pressure vessels, and in particular every boiler and every unfired steam generator shall be provided with not less than two safety valves: only one safety valve need be fitted in every boiler and every unfired steam generator if the Director is satisfied that adequate protection against overpressure is provided. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 21 Boilers and other pressure vessels (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply every boiler or other pressure vessel and its respective mountings shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a hydraulic test to a pressure suitably in excess of the working pressure which will ensure that the boiler or other pressure vessel and its mountings are adequate in strength and design for the service for which it is intended and having regard to- (a) the design and the material of which it is constructed; (b) the purpose for which it is intended to be used; and (c) the working conditions under which it is intended to be used,and every such boiler or other pressure vessel and its respective mountings shall be maintained in an efficient condition. (2) In every such ship provision shall be made which will facilitate the cleaning and inspection of every pressure vessel. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 22 Machinery (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply main and auxiliary machinery essential for the propulsion and safety of the ship shall be provided with effective means of control and the machinery shall be capable of being brought into operation when initially no power is available in the ship. (2) In every such ship where risk from over-speeding of machinery would otherwise exist, means shall be provided to ensure that the safe speed is not exceeded. (3) In every such ship where main or auxiliary machinery or any parts of such machinery are subject to internal pressure, those parts shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a hydraulic test to a pressure suitably in excess of the working pressure having regard to- (a) the design and the material of which they are constructed; (b) the purpose for which they are intended to be used; and (c) the working conditions under which they are intended to be used,and such parts shall be maintained in an efficient condition. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 23 Means for going astern Every ship to which these regulations apply shall have sufficient power for going astern to secure proper control of the ship in all normal circumstances. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 24 Shafts In every ship to which these regulations apply every shaft shall be so designed and constructed that it will withstand the maximum working stresses to which it may be subjected, with a factor of safety which is adequate having regard to - (a) the material of which it is constructed; (b) the service for which it is intended; and (c) the type of engines by which it is driven or of which it forms a part. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 25 Boiler feed systems (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply every boiler which provides services essential for the safety of the ship and which could be rendered dangerous by the failure of its feed water supply shall be provided with not less than two efficient and separate feed water systems so arranged that either of such systems may be opened for inspection or overhaul without affecting the efficiency of the other. Means shall be provided which will prevent overpressure in any part of the systems. (2) If in any such ship it is possible for oil to enter the feed water system of a boiler, the arrangements for supplying boiler feed water shall provide for the interception of oil in the feed water. (3) Every feed check valve, fitting, or pipe through which feed water passes from a pump to such boilers in any such ship shall be designed and constructed to withstand the maximum working stresses to which it may be subjected, with a factor of safety which is adequate having regard to the material of which it is constructed and the working conditions under which it will be used. Every such valve, fitting, or pipe shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a hydraulic test suitably in excess of the maximum working pressure of the boiler to which it is connected or of the maximum working pressure to which the feed line may be subjected, whichever shall be the greater, and shall be maintained in an efficient condition. The feed pipes shall be adequately supported. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 26 Steam pipe systems (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply every steam pipe and every fitting connected thereto through which steam may pass shall be so designed and constructed as to withstand the maximum working stresses to which it may be subjected, with a factor of safety which is adequate having regard to- (a) the material of which it is constructed; and (b) the working conditions under which it will be used.(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, every such steam pipe or fitting shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a test by hydraulic pressure to a pressure suitably in excess of the working pressure to be determined having regard to the requirements of subregulation (1)(a) and (b) and every such steam pipe or fitting shall be maintained in an efficient condition. (3) Steam pipes shall be adequately supported. (4) Provision shall be made which will avoid excessive stress likely to lead to the failure of any such steam pipe or fitting, whether by reason of variation in temperature, vibration or otherwise. (5) Efficient means shall be provided for draining every such steam pipe so as to ensure that the interior of the pipe is kept free of water and that water hammer action will not occur under any condition likely to arise in the course of the intended service of the ship. (6) If in any ship to which these regulations apply a steam pipe may receive steam from any source at a higher pressure than it can otherwise withstand with an adequate factor of safety, an efficient reducing valve, relief valve and pressure gauge shall be fitted to such pipe. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 27 Air pressure systems (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply, being a ship in which machinery essential for the propulsion and safety of the ship or of persons on board is required to be started, operated or controlled solely by compressed air, there shall be provided an efficient air system which shall include a sufficient number of air compressors and compressed air storage vessels to ensure that an adequate supply of compressed air is available under all conditions likely to be met in service. (2) (a) In every such ship the parts of every such compressed air system other than a pneumatic control system which are subjected to air pressure shall be designed and constructed to withstand, with an adequate factor of safety, the maximum working stresses to which they may be subjected, and every air pressure pipe or fitting in such system shall, before being put into service for the first time, be subjected to a hydraulic test suitably in excess of the maximum working pressure to which it may be subjected and be maintained in an efficient condition. (b) Means shall be provided in any such ship to prevent overpressure in any part of any such compressed air system and, where water jackets or casings of air compressors and coolers might otherwise be subjected to dangerous overpressure due to leakage into them from air pressure parts, suitable pressure relief arrangements shall be provided. (c) Provision shall be made to reduce to a minimum entry of oil into any such air pressure system and to drain the system. Provision shall also be made to protect the system from the effects of internal explosion. (d) In every ship to which these regulations apply all discharge pipes from starting air compressors shall lead directly to the starting air receivers, and all starting air pipes from the air receivers to main or auxiliary engines shall be entirely separate from the compressor discharge pipe system. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 28 Cooling water system In every ship to which these regulations apply in which cooling water services are essential for the running of the propelling machinery there shall be at least two means of operating such water services. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 29 Lubricating and other oil systems In every ship to which these regulations apply in which oil for lubrication, cooling or operation of the main propelling machinery and its ancillary services is circulated under pressure, provision shall be made so that in the event of the failure of a pump an alternative means of circulating such oil is available. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 30 Oil and gaseous fuel installations (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply oil fuel provided for use in boilers or machinery shall have a flash point of not less than 60oC (closed test): provided that the Director may, subject to such conditions as he may impose- (a) permit any ship to use oil fuel having a flash point of not less than 55oC in boilers, or oil fuel having a flash point of not less than 43oC in internal combustion type machinery; (b) permit the use of gaseous fuel in ships designed for the carriage of liquefied gas if such fuel results solely from evaporation of the cargo carried.Nothing in this subregulation shall apply to fuel provided for machinery permitted by regulation 6(3)(a), 7(3)(a) or 8(3)(a). (2) In every ship to which these regulations apply, being a ship in which oil or gaseous fuel is used, the arrangements for the storage, distribution and utilization of the fuel shall be such that, having regard to the hazards of fire and explosion which the use of such fuel may entail, the safety of the ship and of persons on board is preserved. (3) In every ship to which these regulations apply, being a ship in which oil or gaseous fuel is used in engines or boilers for the propulsion or safety of the ship, the arrangements for the storage, distribution and utilization of the fuel shall be such that the effective use of the engines can be maintained under all conditions likely to be met by the ship in service. (4) Every oil fuel installation which serves a boiler supplying steam for the propulsion of the ship shall include not less than two oil fuel units. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 31 Communication between bridge and engine room Every ship to which these regulations apply shall be provided with two means of communicating orders from the navigating bridge to the engine room control platform. One of the means shall be an engine room telegraph. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 32 Steering gear (1) Every ship to which these regulations apply shall be provided with efficient main and auxiliary steering gear- Provided that if duplicate steering gear power units and their connections are fitted to the satisfaction of the Certifying Authority and each power unit complies with the requirements of subregulation (2)(c) and the duplicate units and connections operating together comply with the requirements of subregulation (2)(b), no auxiliary steering gear shall be required. (2) In every such ship- (a) the main steering gear, including the rudder and associated fittings, shall be of adequate strength and sufficient to steer the ship at maximum service speed. The main steering gear and rudder stock shall be so designed that they are not damaged at maximum astern speed; (b) the main steering gear shall be capable of putting the rudder over from 35 degrees on one side to 35 degrees on the other side with the ship running ahead at maximum service speed. The rudder shall be capable of being put over from 35 degrees on either side to 30 degrees on the other side in 28 seconds at maximum service speed; (c) the auxiliary steering gear shall be capable of being brought rapidly into action and shall be of adequate strength and of sufficient power to enable the ship to be steered at navigable speed, and in any such ship in which a rudder stock of over 355.6 millimetres diameter in way of the tiller is required to comply with the requirements of paragraph (a), the auxiliary steering gear shall be operated by power.(3) In every such ship which is fitted with power operated steering gear the position of the rudder shall be indicated at the principal steering station. (4) In every such ship, simple operating instructions with a block diagram showing the change-over procedures for remote steering gear control systems and steering gear power units shall, where applicable, be permanently displayed on the navigating bridge and in the steering gear compartment. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 33 Spare gear Every ship to which these regulations apply shall be provided with sufficient spare gear having regard to the intended service of the ship. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 34 (No provision) No provision. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 35 Anchors and chain cables Every ship to which these regulations apply shall be provided with such anchors and chain cables as are sufficient in number, weight and strength, having regard to the size and intended service of the ship. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 36 Means of escape (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply stairways and ladderways shall be arranged so as to provide ready means of escape to the lifeboat embarkation deck from all crew spaces, passenger spaces and other spaces in which the crew are normally employed. (2) In every ship to which these regulations apply there shall be provided from each engine room, shaft tunnel and boiler room two means of escape as widely separated as practicable, one of which may be a watertight door if such a door is available as a means of escape. Where no such watertight door is available, the two means of escape shall consist of two sets of steel ladders leading to separate doors in the casing or elsewhere from which there is access to the lifeboat or liferaft embarkation deck or decks. The Director may exempt a ship of less than 2000 tons from the requirements of this paragraph on condition that there shall be provided at least one effective means of escape. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 37 Means for stopping machinery, shutting off oil fuel suction pipes and closing of openings (1) In every ship to which these regulations apply there shall be provided means for stopping ventilating fans serving machinery, accommodation and cargo spaces. For machinery and cargo spaces there shall be provided means for closing all skylights, doorways, ventilators, annular spaces around funnels and other openings to such spaces. Such means shall be capable of being operated from positions outside the said spaces which would not be made inaccessible by a fire within such spaces. (2) In every ship to which these regulations apply machinery driving forced and induced draught fans, oil fuel transfer pumps, oil fuel unit pumps and other similar fuel pumps shall be fitted with remote controls situated outside the spaces in which such machinery or pumps are situated. Such controls shall be capable of stopping such machinery or pumps in the event of fire in the said spaces. (3) In every ship to which these regulations apply every pipe connected to any oil fuel storage, settling, or daily service tank, not being a double bottom tank, which if damaged would otherwise permit discharge of the contents so as to cause a fire hazard, shall be fitted with a valve or cock which shall be secured to the tank to which it is connected and be capable of being closed from a readily accessible position outside the space in which the tank is situated: provided that in the case of any inlet pipe to such a tank, a non-return valve similarly secured to the tank may be substituted. In the case of an oil fuel deep tank traversed by any shaft or pipe tunnel, in addition to the valve which shall be fitted on the tank, a valve or valves may be fitted on the pipe line or lines outside the tunnel or tunnels to enable control to be exercised in the event of fire. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 38 Steering gear - tankers Section II This Section contains the requirements, additional to Section I of this Part, for tankers of 10000 tons or over. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 39 (No provision) No provision. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 40 (No provision) No provision. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 41A Interpretation For the purposes of this Section- "auxiliary steering gear" (辅助舵机) means the equipment which is provided for effecting movement of the rudder for the purpose of steering the ship in the event of failure of the main steering gear; "main steering gear" (主舵机) means the machinery, rudder actuators, steering gear power units, if any, and ancillary equipment and the means of applying torque to the rudder stock (e.g. tiller or quadrant) necessary for effecting movement of the rudder for the purpose of steering the ship under normal service conditions; "power actuating system" (动力驱动系统) means the hydraulic equipment provided for supplying power to turn the rudder stock, comprising a steering gear power unit or units, together with the associated pipes and fittings, and a rudder actuator. The power actuating systems may share common mechanical components, i.e. tiller, quadrant and rudder stock, or components serving the same purpose; "steering gear control system" (舵机控制系统) means the equipment by which orders are transmitted from the navigating bridge to the steering gear power units. Steering gear control systems comprise transmitters, receivers, hydraulic control pumps and their associated motors, motor controllers, piping and cables. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 41B Additional requirements - tankers of 10000 tons or over In every tanker (including chemical tankers and gas carriers) of 10000 tons and over- (a) two steering gear control systems shall be provided, each of which shall be capable of being operated separately from the navigating bridge. Duplication of the steering wheel or lever is not required; (b) in the event of failure of the steering gear control system in operation, the other system shall be capable of being brought into immediate operation from a position on the navigating bridge; (c) each steering gear control system, if electric, shall be served by its own separate circuit supplied from a steering gear power circuit from a point within the steering gear compartment, or directly from switchboard busbars supplying that steering gear power circuit at a point on the switchboard adjacent to the supply to the steering gear power circuit; (d) in the event of failure of electrical power supply to a steering gear control system, an alarm shall be given on the navigating bridge which shall be audible and visual and situated where it can be readily observed; (e) means for control of the main steering gear shall be provided in the steering gear compartment; (f) means shall be provided in the steering gear compartment to disconnect the steering gear control system from the steering gear it serves; (g) means of communication shall be provided between the navigating bridge and the steering gear compartment; (h) the rudder angle indication system on the navigating bridge shall be independent of the steering gear control system; (i) the angular position of the rudder shall be recognizable in the steering gear compartment; (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 41C Additional requirements - tankers of 10000 tons or over On and after 1 September 1986 in every tanker (including chemical carriers and gas carriers) of 10000 tons and over- (a) a low level alarm shall be provided for each hydraulic fluid reservoir to give the earliest practicable indication of hydraulic fluid leakage. Audible and visual alarms shall be given on the navigating bridge and in the machinery space where they can be readily observed; (b) a fluid storage tank shall be provided having sufficient capacity to recharge at least one power actuating system including the reservoir. The storage tank shall be permanently connected by piping in such a manner that the hydraulic systems can be readily recharged from a position within the steering gear compartment and shall be provided with a contents gauge; (c) the steering gear compartment shall be provided with suitable arrangements to ensure working access to the steering gear machinery and controls. These arrangements shall include handrails and gratings or other non-slip surfaces to ensure suitable working conditions in the event of hydraulic fluid leakage. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 41D Additional requirements - tankers of 40000 tons or over On and after 1 September 1988, in every tanker (including chemical carriers and gas carriers) of 40000 tons and over the steering gear shall be so arranged that, in the event of a single failure of the piping or of one of the power units, steering capability can be speedily regained. This shall be achieved by- (a) an independent means of restraining the rudder, or (b) fast acting valves, which may be manually operated, to isolate the actuator or actuators from the external hydraulic piping together with a means of directly refilling the actuators by a fixed independent power-operated pump and piping system, or (c) an arrangement such that, where hydraulic power systems are interconnected, loss of hydraulic fluid from one system shall be detected and the defective system isolated either automatically or from the navigating bridge so that the other system remains fully operational. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 41E Additional requirements - tankers of 10000 tons or over (1) The provisions of this regulation shall apply to every tanker (except chemical tankers and gas carriers) of 10000 tons or over; (a) for which the building contract was placed after 1 June 1979; or (b) in the absence of a building contract, the keel of which was laid or which was at a similar stage of construction after 1 January 1980; or (c) the delivery of which was after 1 June 1982; or (d) which has undergone an alteration or modification of a major character; (i) for which the contract was placed after 1 June 1979; or (ii) in the absence of a contract, the construction work of which was begun after 1 January 1980; or (iii) which was completed after 1 June 1982.(2) The main steering gear shall comprise two or more identical power units and it shall be capable of operating the rudder as required by regulation 32(2)(b) while operating with one or more power units. As far as reasonable and practicable, the main steering gear shall be so arranged that a single failure in its piping or in one of the power units will not impair the integrity of the remaining part of the steering gear. All mechanical components which are part of the steering gear and the mechanical connection with any steering gear control system, if any, shall be of sound construction. (3) The main steering gear power units shall be arranged to start automatically when power is restored after a power failure. (4) In the event of failure of any of the steering gear power units, means shall be provided to ensure that an alarm shall be given on the navigating bridge. Every steering gear power unit shall be capable of being brought into operation either automatically or manually from a position on the navigating bridge. (5) An alternative power supply, at least sufficient to supply a steering gear power unit so as to enable it to move the rudder as specified below, and also to supply its associated steering gear control system and the rudder angle indicator, shall be provided, automatically, within 45 seconds, either from the emergency source of electrical power, or from another independent source of power located in the steering gear compartment. This independent source of power shall be used only for this purpose and shall have a capacity sufficient for half an hour of continuous operation. The steering gear power unit, when being supplied by the alternative power supply, shall at least be capable of putting the rudder over from 15 degrees on one side to 15 degrees on the other side in not more than 60 seconds with the ship at its deepest sea-going draught while running at one half of its maximum service speed ahead or 7 knots, whichever is the greater. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 42 Periodically unattended machinery spaces Section III This Section contains the requirements, additional to Section I of this Part, for ships with machinery spaces containing machinery used or essential for propulsion, which are intended to be periodically unattended under any sailing condition, including manoeuvring. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 43 Interpretation For the purposes of this Section, "machinery alarm and control centre" (机械警报与控制中心) means the position from which the propelling and auxiliary machinery can be controlled and where the alarms, other than those located in accommodation spaces and at the navigating bridge, necessary for the safe operation of such machinery are located. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 44 General Every ship to which this Section applies shall be provided with effective means for control of, and arrangements for monitoring the operation of, the machinery used or essential for propulsion, so that the safety of the ship in all sailing conditions, including manoeuvring, is not less than that of a ship with continuously manned machinery spaces. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 45 Operation and documentation In every ship to which this Section applies, the Certifying Authority shall ensure that the equipment provided for operating the ship with the machinery spaces containing machinery used or essential for propulsion periodically unattended, is functioning in a reliable manner before the ship is permitted to operate with those machinery spaces unattended. The Certifying Authority shall ensure that satisfactory arrangements are made for periodic inspections and routine tests on such equipment to ensure continuous and reliable operation and shall issue documentary evidence indicating that it is satisfied that the ship and its equipment is suitable for operation in the said conditions. (Enacted 1991) Cap 369R reg 46 Alarm systems Every ship to which this Section applies shall be provided with an alarm system which shall indicate any fault in the unattended machinery or unattended machinery spa